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what is article 16, article 17, article 18

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Article 16 guarantees equality of opportunity to all citizen in the matter of appointments of any office under the state. The aforesaid rule is subject to the following exceptions :- 1. The Parliament can make any law prescribing any requirement as to resident in a state in respect of any particular class for classes of employment in the state. 2. The state can make provision for the reservation of force in favour of any backward classes of citizens. 3. Offices connected with religious institution may be reserved for the person of a particular religion. Article 17 :- Article 17 provide that untouchability is abolished and its practice in any form is forbidden. The enforcement of any disability arising out of untouchablity shall be an offence punishable religion. Article 18 :- Article 18 abolishes all the titles conferred on various Indian citizens by British government and the use of those titles us prohibited as it's results in creating superior and inferior classes of citizens. H...

What is article 15 in constution of india

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  Prohibition of discrimination on ground only of religion, race, cast, or birth of place. Article 15(1) provides the state shall not discriminate against any Citizen on ground only of religion, race, cast, sex, and place of birth or any of them. Further article 15(2) provide that no citizen selfie deprived of the following lines on ground only of religion, race , cast ,sex ,place of birth:  (a) Stop people to going on shops, public restaurants, hotels and public entertainment places. (b) The use of wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads and place of resort, maintained out of state funds. The significance of the word only is used in article 15 is that if there are any ground on discrimination other than ground of religion, race, cast, sex, place of birth then such discrimination is not prohibited. The right guaranted in article 15 are subject to the following :- 1. The state can make any special provision for women and children. 2. The state can make any special provision for the ...

what is Consumer Protection Act

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A consumer is a user of goods and services, therefore, every producer is also a consumer. However, conflicting interest have categorised them, inevitably, into two groups. The industrial revolution brought in the concept of standardization and mass production and over the year. This paved the way for enactment of the consumer protection act in 1986 providing for simple, quick and easy remedy to consumer under three tier agency at the district level at the state level and at the national level. Who made the app more effective and meaningful, necessary changes have been bought by consumer protection (Amendment) Act, 2002, which came into force w.e.f march 15, 2003. This act is based on the basic right of consumers as defined by the international organisation of consumers viz., the right to safety, to information, of choice, to be heard, to redress all, to consumer education, to healthy environment and to basic need. Scope of this act :- The act extend to the whole of India accept the sta...

Article 14 Of Fundamental Right

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Right to equality [Article 14 to18] Article 14 (Equality before the law) Article 14 of constitution of India provides:- The state shall not deny to any person equality before law or equal protection of the law within the territory of India. The expression 'equality before law' is a negative concept and it implies the absence of any special privilege in favour of any individual, whatever his rank or status and equal subjection of all classes to the ordinary law, expression 'equality before the law' which is borrowed from common English law. The expression equal protection of the law' is a positive concept and it implies equality of treatment in equal circumstances. In other words same law should not be applicable among unequal. In order that "right equal treatment in similar circumstances" should make sense, that your self have to make classification between person who are equal is situated. thus if there is a reasonable basis of classification, the legisla...

Concept of management and it's features

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Management is a process containing a human element and make most efficient use of resources Pro and with people for attending defined organisational objective by most economical and effective planning and execution. Therefore, management can be viewed as:- - A process of continuing and inter-related activities -Concentrate on attaining organisational goal. - Focus on working with end through human and other organisation resources. Characteristics of Management:- Management is an indispensable facet of the economic life of all human beings and of every business organisation too. This is so because it is concerned with leading and effective utilisation of human, physical and financial resources of business, show that the set objective and goal may be accomplished in a desired manner. There are some features of Management:- 1. Continuous and never ending process. 2. Art of getting work done from people. 3. Management Is result oriented. 4. Multi disciplinary in nature . 5. Group and not a...

What is non- banking finance companies

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  A non banking financial company is a company registered under the companies act, engaged in the business of loans and advances, acquisition of share/stock/ bonds/ debenture /securities issued by the government for local authority or other marketable security of a like nature, leasing, hire purchase, insurance Business, chit business but does not include any institution whose principal business is that of agriculture activity, industrial activity, purchase or sale of any goods (other than securities) or providing any services and sale/purchase /construction of immovable properties. A non banking institution which is a company and has principal business of receiving deposit under any scheme for arrangement in one lump sum or in installment by way of contribution or in any other manner, is also on non banking financial company (Residuary non banking company). Nbfc lend and make investment and hence their activities are akin to that of banks; however there are few differences such as...

Detail about reserve Bank of India act ,1934

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  The Reserve Bank design and implement the regulatory policy Framework for banking and non banking financial institution with the aim of providing people acess to the banking system, protecting depositor interest, and maintaining our health of the financial system. Its function of regulating the commercial banking sector, which emerged with the enactment of Banking Regulation Act, 1949,has over the time expanded to cover other entities amendments to the Banking Regulation Act 1949 brought cooperative bank and regional rural bank under the Reserve Bank deduction while amendments of The Reserve Bank of India Act so Development Finance Institutions, non banking financial companies and primary dealers coming under its regulations, as these entities become important player in the financial system and market. The function of The Reserve Bank of India can be summarised as under :- 1. Banking functions. 2. Issues Bank notes. 3. Monetary policy function. 4. Public debt function. 5. Foreign...